Table 1-1 [ECB] Some Historical Landmarks in the Microscopy of Cells |
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| 1665 | Hooke used a primitive microscope to describe small pores in sections of cork that he called "cells." |
| 1674 | Leeuwenhoek reported his discovery of protozoa. He saw bacteria for the first time nine years later. |
| 1833 | Brown published his microscopic observations of orchids, clearly describing the cell nucleus. |
| 1838 | Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory, stating that the nucleated cell is the universal building block of plant and animal tissues. |
| 1857 | Kölliker described mitochondria in muscle cells. |
| 1879 | Flemming described with great clarity chromosome behavior during mitosis in animal cells. |
| 1881 | Cajal and other histologists developed staining methods that revealed the structure of nerve cells and the organization of neural tissue. |
| 1898 | Golgi first saw and described the Golgi apparatus by staining cells with silver nitrate. |
| 1902 | Boveri related chromosomes to heredity by observing their behavior during sexual reproduction. |
| 1952 | Palade, Porter, and Sjöstrand developed methods of electron microscopy that enabled many intracellular structures to be seen for the first time. In one of the first applications of these techniques, Huxley showed that muscle contains arrays of protein filaments -- the first evidence of a cytoskeleton. |
| 1957 | Robertson described the bilayer structure of the cell membrane, seen for the first time in the electron microscope. |
| 1968 | Petran and collaborators make first confocal microscope |
| 1974 | Lazarides and Weber develop use of fluorescent antibodies to satin cytoskeleton |
| 1994 | Chalfie and collaborators introduce green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a microscopy marker |